Autor: Dettmer, Fabian Tobias
Titel: Bromorganische Flammschutzmittel - Analytische Anforderungen
und thermische Bildung von Polybromierten Dibenzo-p-dioxinen und Dibenzofuranen
Englisch:
Brominated flame retardants (fr) have a large share of the polymer
additive market. Approximately 64,000 t of these compounds are annually
used in europe. More than eigthy percent of flame retarded polymers are
already used by the electric and electronic industry, in order to reduce
the flammability of many devices. At the end of the lifecycle of these
devices questions about the environmental relevance and health risks of
the inherent substances rise in importance. Due to the possible formation
of polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (pbdd/f) brominated
FR predetermine the means of polymer recycling.
Based on this background, this study improves analytical means for
brominated fr and answers questions about the thermal pbdd/f formation
of fr and flame retarded polymers by laboratory scale simulations. The
identification of tbbp-s-bis-(2,3-dibromopropylether) in the back wall
of a TV set by spectroscopic (IR, NMR, MS) and chromatographic spectroscopic
methods (GC/MS, Py-GC/MS, HPLC/MS) as well as elemental analysis showed
the necessity of linking the different fields of instrumental analytics.
Furthermore, a rapid screening method for 16 types of brominated fr was
developed by using conditioned thin layer plates. By combusting tbbp-a,
tbbp-s as well as their dibromopropylether in a BIS analogueos furnace,
it was possible to show the influence of the molecular center and its periphery
on pbdd/f formation. Quantities, isomer and congener pattern could be traced
back to the release of relevant precursor. Combustions of artifically flame
retarded polymers refuted propositions that the polymeric tbbp-a does not
have relevance for the thermal formation of pbdd/f. Moreover, the suppliance
of hydrogen bromide showed the pbdd/f formation of PS, PE, phenolic and
epoxy resins in a worst case scenario.